GRADUATE STUDENT UNIONS AND POSTDOC ASSOCIATIONS:

Emerging Institutions and Issues in Higher Education

The Science & Engineering Workforce Project

of the National Bureau of Economic Research

Sponsored by the Sloan Foundation

Conference of 1 November 2002

Table of Contents

I.  The Economic Context

1.  William J. Baumol and Sue Anne Batey Blackman,”How to Think About Rising College Costs,” Planning for Higher Education, Summer 1995    [page 6]

2.  Sara Hebel, “Skyrocketing Public-College Tuition Renews Calls for Better Policies,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 25 October 2002   [page 13]

            http://chronicle.com/weekly/v49/i09/09a02001.htm

3.  Scott Smallwood, “Stipends Are Key in Competition to Land Top Graduate Students,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 28 September 2001   [page 15]

            http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i05/05a02401.htm

4.  Mark C. Regets, “Has the Use of Postdocs Changed?,” NSF Division of Science Resources Studies Issue Brief, 2 December 1998   [page 19]

            http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/issuebrf/sib99310.htm

5.  GESO, “The Postdoc Crisis,” ca. 2001   [page 23]

            http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/file/The_Postdoc_Crisis.pdf

6.  Association of American Universities (AAU), “Committee on Postdoctoral Education: Report and Recommendations,” 31 March 1998   [page 29]

            http://www.mcg.edu/research/postdoc/AAUReport.htm

7.  Erica Goldman and Eliot Marshall, “NIH Grantees: Where Have All the Young Ones Gone?,”          Science, vol. 298, 4 October 2002   [page 36]

            http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5591/40

8.  Naomi Kraus, “Scientific World’s Low Tolerance for Controversy May Be What’s Excluding Young Investigators,” excerpted from The Scientist, vol. 8, #24, 12 December 1994   [page 38]

            http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1994/dec/com_941212.html

9.  NIH Research Training Budget and Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions (slides)   [page 40]

10.  Walter T. Schaffer, National Institutes of Health, “National Research Service Award (NRSA) Stipend Increase and Other Budgetary Changes Effective for Fiscal Year 2002,”  22 January 2002   [page 42]

            http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-028.html

11.  Coalition of Graduate Employee Unions, Casual Nation   [page 44]

            http://www.cgeu.org/Casual_Nation.pdf

12.  Eric L. Wee, “Professor of Desperation,” Washington Post Magazine, 21 July 2002   [page 52]

            http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A15182-2002Jul16?language=print

13.  Phyllis M. Frakt and James O. Castagnera, “Rider University Addresses Adjunct Faculty Concerns,” Matrix,  November/December 2000   [page 59]

            http://www.aahebulletin.com/public/archive/adjunct92000.pdf

14.  Katie Cottingham, “Insights from Funders: A Discussion of Postdoctoral Support,” Science’s Next Wave, 17 May 2002   [page 61]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/05/15/6?

15.  Karen Kreeger, “Private foundations push for higher postdoc salaries,” Naturejobs, 10 January 2002   [page 64]

            http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v415/n6868/full/nj6868-05a_r.html

16.  Mark Pidkowich, “Postdocs at Brookhaven: Establishing a Living Wage,” Science’s Next Wave, 19 April 2002   [page 65]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/04/16/3?

17.  Richard Weibl, “Value of Postdoc Fellowships Vary Widely by Field,” Science’s Next Wave, 2 November 2001   [page 68]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/11/01/2?

18.  Stephen Greene, “Tax Law Shrinks Stipends,” The Scientist, 19 October 1987   [page 73]

            http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1987/oct/greene_p1_871019.html

II. Recent Developments

1.  Steven Greenhouse, “Cornell Graduate Assistants Vote Decisively Against Union,” New York Times, 26 October 2002   [page 75]  

            http://query.nytimes.com/search/abstract?res=F10C11FE35580C758EDDA90994DA404482

2.  Shinzong Lee, “Cornell grad union fails in NLRB vote,” Yale Daily News, 28 October 2002   [page 76]

            http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=20383

3.  Shinzong Lee, “Union supporters leaflet at Parents’ Weekend panel: Police detain two students inside Woolsey for distributing flyers to students, parents,” Yale Daily News, 14 October 2002   [page 77]

            http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=20123

4.  Stuart Silverstein and Claire Luna, “Strikes Shut Down Some UC Classes,” Los Angeles Times, 15 October 2002   [page 78]

            http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-strike15oct15004435,0,4425303.story?coll=la-headlines-california

5.  UAW News, “UAW members at University of California to honor picket lines during unfair labor practice strike by lecturers, clerical workers,” 13 October 2002   [page 80]

            http://www.uaw.org/news/newsarticle.cfm?ArtId=155

6.  GESO, “Ivy League Unions Growing,” 19 June 2002   [page 81]

            http://www.yaleunions.org/geso/voice/20020619_ivies.htm

7.  “More grad students eligible for union,” Chicago Tribune, 7 June 2002   [page 82]

            http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/123559071.html?FMT=FT&FMTS=F            T&PMID=7684&desc=More+grad+students+eligible+for+union

8.  Meg McSherry Breslin, “ U. of I. grad students get offer,” Chicago Tribune, 14 March 2002   [page 83]

9.  “Union Moves Shake Two Campuses,” Science, vol. 294, 7 December 2001   [page 84]

            http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol294/issue5549/r-samples.shtml#294/5549/2087c

10.  Yilu Zhao, “Columbia Graduate Assistants Strike to Support Union Effort,” New York Times, 30 April 2002   [page 85]

            http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB071EF73D550C738FDDAD0894DA404482

11.  Kenneth R. Weiss, “Private Universities’ Grad Students Get Right to Unionize,” Los Angeles Times, 2 November 2000   [page 86]

12.  Joel Budd, “Ivory power,” Guardian Education supplement, 4 September 2001   [page 88]

13.  Andrew C. Helman and David Abel, “UMass Ras face historic union vote,” Boston Globe, 23 January 2002   [page 90]

14.  “Temple Teaching Assistants Win Ruling in Union Drive,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 7 September 2001   [page 91]

            http://chronicle.com/weekly/v48/i02/02a01801.htm

15.  Ana Marie Cox, “Looking (Without Much Success) for New Ways to Help Postdocs,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 23 March 2001   [page 92]

            http://chronicle.com/free/v47/i28/28a01201.htm

16.  Scott Smallwood, “A Big Breakthrough for T.A. Unions: NYU becomes first private institution to negotiate, but will others follow?,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 16 March 2001   [page 93]  

            http://chronicle.com/weekly/v47/i27/27a01001.htm

17.  Kyle Grimshaw, “A Victory for the Student Researcher: Chou v. University of Chicago,” ca. 2001   [page 95]

            http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/dltr/articles/2001dltr0035.html

III.  The Case against Grad Student Unionization

1.  Scott Smallwood, “ Union? No Thanks.  Some graduate students at elite universities fight the push for collective bargaining,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 17 May 2002   [page 100]

            http://chronicle.com/weekly/v48/i36/36a01201.htm

2.  Edward A. Brill and Tracey I. Levy, “Are You Prepared for Student Unionization?,” NACUBO Business Officer, July 2002   [page 103]

3.  GSAU / Graduate Students Against Unionization   [page 107]

a) Adam Meshel, “We are the Union?”

b) “Graduate Student Strikes, UAW-Style”

c) “Twelve Facts About the Union”

http://dtmf.org/~columbia.gsau/

4.  Deputy Provost Peter Conn, “Information about Graduate Student Unionization at Penn,” 16 October 2001   [page 112]

            http://www.upenn.edu/grad/unionization/gsac-memo.html

5.  Josh Greenfield, “What does Economics tell us about Unionization?”   [page 114]

            http://www.columbia.edu/~jeg173/union/union.pdf

6.  Joshua Potter, “Teaching Assistant Unionization at the University of Washington”   [page 115]

7.  Colin Costin, Graduate Students for an Informed Choice on Unionization (GSICU), “Comparison of Wages and Benefits at the University of Washington and Several Peer Institutions”   [page 119]

            http://students.washington.edu/gsicu/

8.  Jennifer L. Burns, “Harvard TFs Happy; See No Labor Problems,” Harvard Crimson, 6 February 1997   [page 129]

            http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=156542

9.  Paul Kennedy, “The International Brotherhood of Eggheads,” Wall Street Journal, 25 March 1999   [page 130]

10.  Catharine R. Stimpson, “A Dean’s Skepticism About a Graduate-Student Union,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 5 May 2000   [page 131]

            http://chronicle.com/weekly/v46/i35/35b00701.htm

11.  Anthony Kronman, “Are Graduate Students Workers?,” New York Times, 19 May 2001   [page 133]

            http://www.usc.edu/admin/provost/issues/kronman051901.pdf

12.  Courtney Leatherman, “As Push to Unionize, Debate Grows Over What They Would Gain,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 3 October 1997   [page 134]

            http://chronicle.com/che-data/articles.dir/art-44.dir/issue-06.dir/06a00101.htm

13.  Ruth J. Simmons, president of Brown University, “Unions and Teaching Assistants,” letter of 27 November 2001    [page 136]

            http://www.brown.edu/webmaster/union2/guidelines.html

14.  Ethan Horowitz, “Pres. Simmons vows to fight against grad student unionization,” Brown Daily Herald, 26 September 2001   [page 138]

IV.  The Case for Graduate Student Unions

1.  Gordon Lafer, “Graduate Student Unions Fight the Corporate University,” Dissent, Fall 2001   [page 140]

2.  Kate Bronfenbrenner and Tom Juravich, “Universities Should Cease Hostilities with Unions,”            Chronicle of Higher Education, 19 January 2001   [page 148]

            http://chronicle.com/weekly/v47/i19/19b02401.htm

3.  Kim Phillips-Fein, “Yale Bites Unions: For God, Country, and the Ruling Class,” The Nation, 2 July 2001   [page 149]

            http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20010702&c=1&s=phillips-fein

4.  Jane Manners, “Joe Hill Goes to Harvard,” The Nation, 2 July 2001   [page 152]

            http://www.inequality.org/harvard2.html

5.  GESO, “Casual in Blue: Yale and the Academic Labor Market,” ca. 1999   [page 155]

            http://www.yaleunions.org/geso/pubs/cb/casual.htm

6.  Courtney Leatherman, “Yale’s Labor Strife Leads Some of Its Ph.D.’s to Abandon Academe for Union Organizing,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 5 December 1997   [page 167]

            http://chronicle.com/che-data/articles.dir/art-44.dir/issue-15.dir/15a01601.htm

7.  GSEU, “SUNY Employees Declare Day of Shame,” 25 September 2000   [page 169]

8.  Rabiya S. Tuma, “Grad Student Unionization: Grave Predictions Unmet?,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 March 2001   [page 172]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/03/28/1?

9.  Gordon J. Hewitt, “Graduate Student Employee Collective Bargaining and the Educational Relationship between Faculty and Graduate Students,” Journal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector, vol. 29 (2), 2000   [page 175]

            http://www.caseuaw.org/hewitt.pdf

V.  The Emergence of Postdoc Movements, Associations, and Networks

1.  Joanne P. Cavanaugh, “The Postdoc’s Plight: Underpaid, overworked, and often under-regarded....,” Johns Hopkins Magazine, February 1999   [page 189]

            http://www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/0299web/postdoc.html

2.  Laurel Haak, “Leading the Charge: Institutional Postdoctoral Policies,” Science’s Next Wave, 16 August 2002   [page 196]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/13/1?

3.  Postdoc Network, “How to Form a Postdoc Association,” Science’s Next Wave, 10 November 2000   [page 201]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2000/11/08/10?

4.  Kelly Karpa, “Establishing Offices for Postdoctoral Education: Overcoming Obstacles, Part 2,” Science’s Next Wave, 1 June 2001   [page 203]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/05/02/3?

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/05/31/10?

5.  Audrey Ettinger, “History and Evolution of the Stanford University Postdocs Association,” Science’s Next Wave, 18 May 2001   [page 206]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/05/17/8?

6.  David Bucci, “Establishing a Postdoctoral Association at Brown University,” Science’s Next Wave, 2 February 2001   [page 209]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/01/31/3?

7.  James Fiordalisi, “Who Shall Lead?  The New UNC Postdoc Association Takes Big Steps,” Science’s Next Wave, 21 September 2001   [page 212]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/09/18/5?

8.  Stephen Gasior, “Agitators on the Inside,” Science’s Next Wave, 16 November 2001   [page 215]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/11/14/3?

9.  Orfeu M. Buxton and Stephen Gasior, “Surveying Postdocs: A Tale from the Trenches,” Science’s Next Wave, 4 January 2002   [page 218]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/01/03/5?

10.  Orfeu Buxton and Stephen Gasior, “You’ve Got the Data!  Now Advocate for Change!,” Science’s Next Wave, 19 April 2002   [page 221]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/04/16/2?

11.  Karen Christopherson, “Postdoc Production,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 224]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/7?

12.  Jonathan Dando, “Postdocs: Your Future is in YOUR Hands!,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 227]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/5?

13.  Claire Davies, “Calling the ‘Postdoc’ Monster,” Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002   [page 229]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/09/7?

14.  Avi Spier, “Postdoc Production: Negative Selection of the Scientists of the Future?,” Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002   [page 232]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/06/5?

15.  Massimo Lazzari, “Postdoctoral Training: a European Perspective,” Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002   [page 235]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/06/4?

16.  Jonathan W. Yewdell, “An Enron of Our Own,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 237]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/10?

17.  Sharon Milgram, “Postdoc Policy Forum: Think Globally; Act Locally,” Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002   [page 240]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/12/1?

18.  Trevor Penning, “Are There Too Many Postdoctoral Scientists?,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 242]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/9?

19.  Martha Borgmann Crago, “The Need and Development of Highly qualified Personnel in Canada: Reconceptualization of the Postdoctoral Experience,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 245]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/6?

20.  Richard A. Cherwitz and Teresa A. Sullivan, “Postdocs as Intellectual Entrepreneurs,” Science’s Next Wave   [page 248]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/4?

21.  Richard Freeman, “Thanks for the Great Postdoc Bargain,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 251]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/23/4?

22.  Geoff Davis, “Postdoc Economics,”Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002   [page 253]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/10/5?

23.  David Clark, “Are There Too Many Post-Docs?,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 256]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/3?

24.  Rita Colwell, “Perspectives from NSF on the Postdoctoral Experience,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 259]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/27/8?

25.  Karl Tibelius, “Postdoc Production: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Perspective,” Science’s Next Wave, 30 August 2002   [page 261]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/29/2?

26.  Torsten Wiesel, “Climbing the Tree of Science,” Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002   [page 265]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/09/9?

27.  Timothy Coetzee, “Postdoc Production – A Funding Agency Perspective,” Science’s Next Wave, 13 September 2002    [page 268]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/09/11/1?

28.  John Marburger, “Developing Science Workforce Policy: 2^nd National Postdoc Network Meeting, Keynote Address,” Science’s Next Wave, 17 May 2002   [page 270]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/05/15/1?

29.  Emily Klotz, “Postdocs Are Not All Created Equal – Postdoc Status, Part 1,” Science’s Next Wave, 10 November 2000   [page 272]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2000/11/08/12?

30.  Emily Klotz, “Postdocs Are Not All Created Equal – Postdoc Status, Part 2,” Science’s Next Wave, 17 November 2000    [page 273]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2000/11/15/9?

31.  SUPD Table on Visas and Postdocs   [page 276]

32.  Emily Klotz and Lisa McCawley, “Sharing Solutions to Postdoc Needs: A Summary of the Postdoc Network National Meeting, Part 1,” Science’s Next Wave, 16 March 2001   [page 280]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/03/15/8?

33.  Emily Klotz, “Sharing Solutions to Postdoc Needs: A Summary of the Postdoc Network National Meeting, Part 2,” Science’s Next Wave, 6 April 2001   [page 284]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/04/04/1?

34.  T.L. Nally, “Survey of Surveys I: What Postdoc Association Surveys Tell Us About Postdoc Working Conditions,” Science’s Next Wave, 21 June 2002   [page 287]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/06/19/10?

35.  T.L. Nally, “survey of Surveys II: Polling Postdocs Effectively,” Science’s Next Wave, 5 July 2002   [page 291]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/07/02/10?

36.  Laurel Haak, “Part I. Federal Science Policy and the Postdoc: What Do Postdocs Want?,” Science’s Next Wave, 1 February 2002    [page 294]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/01/31/11?

37.  Laurel Haak, “Strategies to Benefit Postdocs: A Guide to Best Practices,” Science’s Next Wave, 7 June 2002   [page 298]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/06/05/7?

38.  Richard Weibl, “Anticipation... Is Getting Me Down,” Science’s Next Wave, 12 October 2001   [page 302]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/10/11/6?

39.  Leslie Pray, “National Poll Reveals Progress and Differences,” Science’s Next Wave, 3 August 2001   [page 304]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/08/02/8?

40.  Laurel Haak, “Postdoc Issues and Solutions: A Report from the AAAS Meeting,” Science’s Next Wave, 15 March 2002   [page 308]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/03/13/2?

41.  Laurel Haak, “Investing in Postdoctoral Research: The Frederick Gardner Cottrell Postdoctoral Enhancement Awards,” Science’s Next Wave, 4 October 2002    [page 311]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/10/02/8?

42.  Jim Austin, “Another Scientist Shortage?,” Science’s Next Wave, 25 October 2002   [page 314]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/10/23/7?

43.  Kirstie Urquhart, “Serial Postdoc Killer?,” Science’s Next Wave, 25 October 2002   [page 317]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/10/22/1?

44.  Jerry Gabriel, “Raising Their Voices: The Emergence of Postdoc Grievance Procedures,” Science’s Next Wave, 5 April 2002    [page 320]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/04/02/3?

45.  Robert Bartolo, “Lobbying Congress: A New Role for Postdocs/,” Science’s Next Wave, 7 September 2001   [page 323]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/09/05/6?

46.  Deborah Swope, “Learning from Experience: Postdoc Associations Share Their Wisdom on Getting Started and Forging Ahead,” Science’s Next Wave, 19 January 2001   [page 326]

            http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/01/17/2?

47.  Tom Peavy, “All for One, and One for All: Creation of a UC-wide Postdoc Association,”  

Science’s Next Wave, 5 April 2002   [page 330]

http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/04/04/1?

48.  Minutes of SUPD-PAC meeting with William Gould, former chair of the NLRB, 12 September 2001   [page 333]

49.  Stanford Postdoc Survey 2002   [page 337]

            http://www.stanford.edu/group/supd/PD4survey02.html

50.  Lisa M. Kozlowski, “Power to the Postdocs: The Johns Hopkins Postdoctoral Association”   [page 344]

            http://news.bmn.com/hmsbeagle/81/notes/adapt