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Reading List: 24 Jan 2002

Biotechnology and the Education of Biologists

 

The Science & Engineering Workforce Project

of the National Bureau of Economic Research

 

Sponsored by the Sloan Foundation

 

Conference of 24-25 January 2002

 

Table of Contents

 

 

Part I: The Market for PhD Biologists

1. Richard Freeman, Eric Weinstein, Elizabeth Marincola, Janet Rosenbaum, and Frank

Solomon, "Competition and Careers in Biosciences," Science, vol. 294, 14 December

2001 [page 4]

            http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5550/2293

2. Richard Freeman, Eric Weinstein, Elizabeth Marincola, Janet Rosenbaum, and Frank

Solomon, "Careers and Rewards in Bio Sciences: the disconnect between scientific progress and career progression," paper of August 2001 [page 6]

            http://www.ascb.org/newsroom/Careers_and_Rewards.pdf

3. Elizabeth Marincola and Frank Solomon, "Training for Today's Marketplace," Science, vol. 281, 31 July 1998 [page 27]

            http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/281/5377/645

4. Elizabeth Marincola and Frank Solomon, "The Career Structure in Biomedical Research: Implications for Training and Research” The American Society for Cell Biology Survey on the State of the Profession," Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol. 9, November 1998 [page 28]

            http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=9802891

5. Susan A. Gerbi, Howard H. Garrison, and John P. Perkins, "Workforce Alternatives to

Graduate Students?," Science, vol. 292, 25 May 2001 [page 32]

            http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5521/1489

6. Jennifer 8. Lee, "Postdoc Trail: Long and Filled with Pitfalls," New York Times, 21 August 2001 [page 34]

            http://ipm.osu.edu/trans/081_212.htm

7. Howard H. Garrison and Susan A. Gerbi, "Education and Employment Patterns of U.S.

Ph.D.'s in the Biomedical Sciences," The FASEB Journal, vol. 12, February 1998 [page 35]

            http://www.faseb.org/opar/pubs/emppatt.pdf

8. Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists, Education and Career Studies Unit, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, and National Research Council, Addressing the Nation's Changing Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists Washington DC: National Academy Press, ca. 2000 [page45]

            http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069815/html/

9. "NIH Statement in Response to Addressing the Nation's Changing Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists," ca. 2000 [page 62]

            http://grants1.nih.gov/training/nas_report/NIHResponse.htm

 

Part II. The Flow of Immigrants and International Students

10. Scott Stossel, "Uncontrolled Experiment: America's dependency on foreign scientists," New Republic, 29 March 1999 [page 66]

            https://ssl.tnr.com/p/docsub.mhtml?r=sub&uri=%2Farchive%2F0399%2F032999%2Fstossel032999.html

11. Lawrence Burton and Jack Wang, "How Much Does the U.S. Rely on Immigrant

Engineers?," SRS Issue Brief [Division of Science Resources Studies, National Science

Foundation], 11 February 1999 [page 71]

            http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/issuebrf/sib99327.htm

12. David Wessel, "Hidden Costs of a Brain Gain," Wall Street Journal, 1 March 2001

[page 75]

13. Karen Kaplan and Alex Pham, "Industry Downturn Hasn't Killed Tech's Big Appetite for Top Talent," Los Angeles Times, 9 December 2001 [page 76]

14. Ronald D. White, "U.S. Slowdown Leaves Immigrant Workers in Lurch," Los Angeles Times, 1 July 2001 [page 78]

15. Jube Shiver Jr., "U.S. Tech Firms Abusing Visa Program, Critics Say," Los Angeles Times, 21 November 2001 [page 81]

16. Rachel Emma Silverman, "For Foreign Workers on Special Visas, Tech Bust Hits Hard," Wall Street Journal, 21 June 2001 [page 82]

17. George J. Borjas, "Rethinking the Foreign Student Visa Program," paper (not to be cited or quoted without permission), January 2002 [page 84]

            http://ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/research/wpaper.nsf/rwp/RWP02-026/$File/rwp02_026_borjas_rev1.pdf

18. Laura Secor, "Foreign Relations - Destination: College, U.S.A.," New York Times, Education Life supplement, 13 January 2002 [page 112]

19. Yilu Zhao, "Coming to America- Destination: College, U.S.A.," New York Times,

Education Life supplement, 13 January 2002 [page 114]

20. "High-Tech Labor Squeeze Defies Single Solution," MAA Online [page 118]

            http://www4.nas.edu/news.nsf/isbn/0309069939?OpenDocument

21. American Council on Education, "Letter to Congress on Student Visas," 28 September 2001 [page 121]

            http://www.acenet.edu/washington/letters/2001/09september/visas.cfm

22. Saritha Rai, "Chinese Race to Supplant India in Software," New York Times, 5 January 2002 [page 125]

            http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30914FF34540C768CDDA80894DA404482

23. Peter Finn, "German Panel Moves to Boost Immigration: New Policy Urged for Skilled Workers," Washington Post, 5 July 2001 [page 127]

            http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A19881-2001Jul4&notFound=true

24. Allan Thompson, "Caplan defends tough new rules for immigrants: 'We need the brightest, best'," Toronto Star, 20 December 2001 [page 128]

25. Home Office [ United Kingdom]: Immigration and Nationality Directorate, "Highly Skilled Migrant Programme (HSMP)" [page 130]

            http://www.workpermits.gov.uk/default.asp?PageID=2754

 

Part III. Background on Biotechnology and Biogen

26. Biogen, excerpts from Annual Report 2000 and Q&A with Biogen senior managers

[page 145]

            http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/99/99344/reports/ar00_financials.pdf

27. Geoff Dyer and Victoria Griffith, "Growing together: As the science and management of biotechnology converge with those of pharmaceuticals, the larger companies are starting to consolidate," Financial Times, 19 December 2001 [page 180]

            http://news.ft.com/ft/gx.cgi/ftc?pagename=View&c=Article&cid=FT3PMWG4EVC&live=true

28. Amy Barrett with Catherine Arnst and John Carey, "Biotechnology: Deal-Hungry, Just Like Big Pharma," Business Week, 24 December 2001 [page 181]

29. The Lex Column, "Biotech," Financial Times, 14 December 2001 [page 182]

30. Peter Thai Larsen, Adrian Michaels, and Victoria Griffith, "Amgen eyes $18bn Immunex purchase," Financial Times, 14 December 2001 [page 183]

31. Victoria Griffith, "Amgen joins the trend towards consolidation," Financial Times, 14

December 2001 [page 184]

32. Geoff Dyer, "The book of life has yet to transfer to the bottom line," Financial Times,

Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 185]

33. Clive Cookson, "Bioinformatics and Big Biology: Scientific buzz surrounds test bed of ideas in supercomputing," Financial Times, Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 186]

34. Clive Cookson, "Case Study: IBM - Breadth of range is well-suited to tackling the big problems in biology," Financial Times, Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 187]

35. George Poste, CEO of Health Technology Networks, member of the U.S. Defense Science Board, and chair of the Task Force on Bioterrorism, "A rude awakening to the forces of good and evil," Financial Times, Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 188]

36. Paul Taylor, "Bio-terrorism: Big companies set to benefit from bio-attacks," Financial Times, Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 189]

37. David Fim, "Antibodies: It has taken 25 Years to arm the body's smart bomb," Financial Times, Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 190]

38. Geoff Dyer, "Big Pharma and Biotech: The power shifts to industry's wunderkinds" and Paul Taylor, "The Price of Biotech: Two cultures are merging," Financial Times,

Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 191]

39. Virginia Marsh, " Australia: US president's hand out to Australian biotech," Financial Times Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 192]

40. David Fim, " Germany: Well dries up in face of crisis of confidence," Financial Times, Biotechnology survey, 27 November 2001 [page 193]

41. Mike Verdin, BBC News Online, "Biotechs fight to win back investors," 4 January 2002 [page 194]

            http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1742366.stm

42. Pamela Sherrid, "Best Bets in Biotech: The industry comes of age, but volatility still rules," US. News & WorldReport, 21 January 2002 [page 196]

            http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/020121/21intro.htm

43. Paul J. Lim, "Taking a flier on a fund: Professional management can help lessen the risk of biotech investing," US News & World Report, 21 January 2002 [page 204]

            http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/020121/21funds.htm

44. Lynne G. Zucker, Michael R. Darby, and Jeff S. Armstrong, "Commercializing Knowledge: University Science, Knowledge Capture, and Firm Performance in Biotechnology," NBER Working Paper 8499, October 2001 [page 205]

            http://papers.nber.org/papers/w8499.pdf